#Macvector recombination download#

Genetic recombination is a major characteristic of the human retrovirus HIV-1 and plays a crucial role in evolution and pathogenicity ( 1, 2). This demonstrates that, contrary to what was thought, recombination can occur and could play a role in the evolution of HTLV-1. Here we report an HTLV-1 recombinant virus among infected individuals in North Africa. IMPORTANCE A number of HTLV-1 subtypes have been described in different populations, but none of the genetic differences between these subtypes have been ascribed to recombination events. In conclusion, we demonstrate that, albeit rare, recombination can occur in HTLV-1 and may play a role in the evolution of this retrovirus. This recombination seems to have been generated during reverse transcription. This recombination is estimated to have occurred around 4,000 years ago. Indeed, the HTLV-1 strains currently present in North Africa have originated from a recombinant event between strains from Senegal and West Africa. This led us to demonstrate the presence of recombinants in HTLV-1. We applied a combination of phylogenetics and recombination analysis approaches to a set of new HTLV-1 sequences, which we collected from 19 countries throughout Africa, the continent where the virus has the largest endemic presence. In contrast, the cosmopolitan genotype a is widely distributed. Different genotypes exist for HTLV-1: Genotypes b and d to g are restricted to central Africa, while genotype c is only endemic in Australo-Melanesia.

#Macvector recombination download#

Using the Internet connection you can connect to the NCBI BLAST and Entrez databases and search for DNA and protein sequences based on authors, features, keywords and download them directly from within MacVector.Although recombination is a major source of genetic variability in retroviruses, no recombinant strain had been observed for human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the first isolated human-pathogenic retrovirus. What is more, MacVector helps you design primers from PCR or Sequencing / Hybridization probes with the helps of numerous primer design functions that include versatile scanning functions such as the Primer3 algorithm. Built-in primer design tool and database query engine

You can reverse translate protein sequences into DNA, compare them using the “Dot-Plot” analysis and scanned for Proteolytic cleavages sites, as well as amino acid sequences motifs.

MacVector also comes with numerous DNA analysis tools that cover anything from base composition analysis, DNA subsequence searchers, restriction enzyme searches, “Dot-Plot” comparisons between DNA:DNA and DNA:Protein sequences. You can use this feature to maintain a properly curated set of the desired genes and sequences. Consequently, you can replicate biological manipulations and create new molecules with the correct sequences across the recombination and cloning junctions.īy using MacVector, you can scan unannotated or fractionally annotated sequences against a folder on your Mac’s hard disk, let MacVector find matching features in sequences and add them to your sequence. Technologies provides by Invitrogen, such as Gateway, Zero Blunt and TOPO TA kits are fully supported by MacVector. Topo Cloning and auto-annotation capabilities Moreover, all feature locations are correctly maintained during edits while the audio function playbacks the selected residues for easier proofreading. The fully functional Sequence Editor helps you edit sequences, annotations and features. What is more, the “Click Cloning” graphical interface makes it easy for you to simulate laboratory cloning experiments in order to create new molecules. Thanks to MacVector, you can easily read and write DNA and Protein sequences in the desired file format. MacVector is a powerful and comprehensive macOS application that provides the required tools for sequence editing, protein analysis, primer design, multiple sequence alignment, internet database queries, coding region analysis, phylogenetic reconstruction and more.